Interview Questions

Some Translation

n! Multiplicative

Object-oriented programming

Check here Interview_Questions(OOP)

C++ Interview

C++ interview

Algorithm Interview Problems

Algorithm Problems
All about Binary search tree
All about Linked List
Heap & Heap Sort

Regular Expression

http://www.zytrax.com/tech/web/regex.htm

C/C++

ArrayList Vs LinkedList

ArrayList: fast random access
slow at delete
memory fill up issue
LinkedList: slow random access
quick delete
no memory fill up issue
complex data structure

PHP

abstract class

Can not be Instantiable.(cannot become instant. Can only be inherited)

abstract class Fruit {
 private $color;

 abstract public function eat()

 public function setColor($c) {
  $this->color = $c;
 }
}

Difference between Abstract Class and Interface
Abstract Classes

An abstract class can provide some functionality and leave the rest for derived class
The derived class may or may not override the concrete functions defined in base class
The child class extended from an abstract class should logically be related

Interface

An interface cannot contain any functionality. It only contains definitions of the methods
The derived class must provide code for all the methods defined in the interface
Completely different and non-related classes can be logically be grouped together using an interface

Single or Double Quotes?

//Sometimes people use double quotes in PHP to avoid having to use the period to separate code. For example, you could write:
$color='red';
echo "I have a $color shirt on today<br/>";
//Faster however is not always better. A better way to write this code would be:
echo 'I have a ' .$color. ' shirt on today<br/>';
echo 'I have a $color shirt on today<br/>';

Output:

I have a red shirt on today
I have a red shirt on today
I have a $color shirt on today

Avoid Mysql Injection

$_POST['username'] = 'aidan';
$_POST['password'] = "' OR ''='";
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='{$_POST['username']}' AND password='{$_POST['password']}'";
$passwd=mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['password']);
$passwd1=addslashes($_POST['password']);
echo $passwd."<br />";
echo $passwd1."<br />";
echo ($query);

Output

\' OR \'\'=\'
\' OR \'\'=\'
SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='aidan' AND password='' OR ''=''

This would allow anyone to log in without a valid password.

Static method

Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without needing an instantiation of the class.

<?php
class Foo
{
    public static $my_static = 'foo';

    public function staticValue() {
        return self::$my_static;
    }
}

class Bar extends Foo
{
    public function fooStatic() {
        return parent::$my_static;
    }
}


print Foo::$my_static . "\n";

$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . "\n";
print $foo->my_static . "\n";      // Undefined "Property" my_static 
print $foo::$my_static . "\n";
$classname = 'Foo';
print $classname::$my_static . "\n"; // As of PHP 5.3.0

print Bar::$my_static . "\n";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . "\n";

Swap 2 numbers in one line

//swap
$a=10;
$b=20;
$a=$a+$b-($b=$a);
echo $a." and ". $b."\n";
// output 20 and 10
$a^=$b^=$a^=$b; //This has a bug. You cannot do things like this $a^=$a^=$a^=$a
echo $a." and ". $b;
//output 10 and 20

Calculate degree between hour and minute hand

<?php
$time=array();
$time['h']=12;
$time['m']=15;
$time['s']=30;
function clockDegree($time){
	$mPercent=((float)$time['m']+((float)$time['s']/60.0))/60.0;
	$mDegree=$mPercent*360;
	$hdegree=((int)$time['h']%12+(float)$mPercent)/12.0*360;
	echo abs($mDegree-$hdegree);
}
clockDegree($time);